General Resources
Books at UIUC
Visit the Library Catalog to search for books on Scandinavian history (e.g. by the subject search "Scandinavia -- History.") Some sample books are also listed here; hover over the information icon for descriptions.
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The Cambridge History of Scandinavia
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This volume presents a comprehensive exposition of both the prehistory and medieval history of the whole of Scandinavia. The first part of the volume surveys the prehistoric and historic Scandinavian landscape and its natural resources, and tells how man took possession of this landscape, adapting culturally to changing natural conditions and developing various types of community throughout the Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages. The rest - and most substantial part of the volume - deals with the history of Scandinavia from the Viking Age to the end of the Scandinavian Middle Ages (c. 1520). The external Viking expansion opened Scandinavia to European influence to a hitherto unknown degree. A Christian church organisation was established, the first towns came into being, and the unification of the three medieval kingdoms of Scandinavia began, coinciding with the formation of the unique Icelandic 'Free State'.
Call Number: 948 C144ISBN: 0521472997Publication Date: 2003-09-04 -
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Scandinavia
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Tony Griffiths' Scandinavia is a compact, sharp, and accessible introduction to the history, politics and culture of Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark, from the Napoleonic era to the present. His lively narrative brings to life the modern history of the region, demolishing national stereotypes in the process. No other book illuminates so tellingly the salient events and personalities of modern Scandinavia, including artists, musicians, and intellectuals such as Ibsen, Bergman, Kierkegaard, Munch, and Sibelius. This combination of a detailed look at Scandinavian culture and politics within a concise and thorough history makes this book the first and only of its kind, and unravels the mysteries and misunderstandings of this region and its people.
Call Number: 948.05 G875sISBN: 1403967539Publication Date: 2004-10-15
Online European Organizations & Archives
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Nordic CouncilAn intergovernmental council fostering collaboration and innovation in public policy in the Nordic Region. Features rich collections of data, statistics, and texts.
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Nordic Culture FundA Denmark-based agency advancing awareness of Nordic culture.
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National Nordic MuseumMuseum dedicated to sharing Nordic culture and serving the Seattle area's Nordic community.
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Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian StudyNorth America's principal scholarly society for Nordic studies.
Biographies
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Scandinavian Biographical Archive by Divided into section A. Denmark, Iceland, and Norway and B. Finland and Sweden. Excludes some of the major biographical dictionaries but brings together many smaller and more obscure sources.Call Number: MFICHE 920.048 SCA63Publication Date: 1989
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Scandinavian Biographical Index by Index to Scandinavian Biographical Archive in one alphabetical index. Gives dates and a brief identification of each person includedCall Number: Q. 920.048 SCA63APXPublication Date: 1994
Archival Documents
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Eurodocs: Online Sources for European HistorySelected transcriptions, facsimiles, and translations of European documents from 1995-2015.
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Archives & Primary SourcesA collection of resources from UC Berkeley.
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World Digital Library: EuropeThe Europe section of the World Digital Library provides access to digitized materials from various European countries.
History, Newspaper & Philosophy
The History, Newspaper & Philosophy Library also has resources for Scandinavian history.
History Databases
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Brepolis Medieval and Early Modern Bibliographies This link opens in a new windowThe Brepolis Medieval and Early Modern Bibliographies are multidisciplinary bibliographies of Europe, North Africa and the Near East (300-1500), founded in 1967 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, current bibliography of articles in journals and miscellany volumes (conference proceedings, essay collections or Festschriften) worldwide. The bibliographies comprise 365,000 articles, all of which are fully classified by date, subject and location, and provide full bibliographical records.
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Historical Abstracts with Full Text This link opens in a new window
Covers the history of the world (excluding the United States and Canada) from 1450 to the present, including world history, military history, women's history, history of education, and more. Provides indexing of more than 1,700 academic historical journals in over 40 languages back to 1955.
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Early European Books Collection II This link opens in a new windowEarly European Books Collection II contains early printed volumes from the
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze (the National Central Library of Florence). The selection of works focuses on four collections of particular historic and bibliographic importance within the library’s holdings from this period: The Nencini Aldine Collection, Marginalia, Incunabula, and Sacred Representations.
Books & Web Resources by Country
Books at UIUC
Search the Library Catalog for additional titles (e.g. "Sweden -- History").
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A History of the Swedish People
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Beginning in prehistoric times and culminating with the Dacke rebellion of 1542, renowned novelist Vilhelm Moberg's two-volume popular history of the Swedish people approaches its subject from the viewpoint of the common people, documenting peasants' lives as well as those of the royal families. In this first volume Moberg examines Viking raids, the coming of Christianity, and the Folkungs royal dynasty, whose tyrannical reign lasted from 1250 to the 1360s. He vividly describes the arrival of the Black Death from a ship that docked carrying only dead passengers, and he recounts the reign of Queen Margareta who founded the Kalmar Union, comprising all of Scandinavia. In every chapter, Moberg faithfully imparts how history affected "the whole people" of Sweden.
Call Number: 948.5 M71m:Ea2005ISBN: 0816646562Publication Date: 2005-02-07 -
Sweden in the Seventeenth Century
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The history of Sweden in the seventeenth century is perhaps one of the most remarkable political success stories of early modern Europe. Little more than a century after achieving independence from Denmark, Sweden - an impoverished and sparsely-populated state - had defeated all of its most fearsome enemies and was ranked amongst the great powers of Europe. In this book, which incorporates the latest research on the subject, Paul Douglas Lockhart: - surveys the political, diplomatic, economic, social and cultural history of the country, from the beginnings of its career as an empire to its decline at the end of the seventeenth century - examines the mechanisms that helped Sweden to achieve the status of a great power, and the reasons for its eventual downfall - emphasises the interplay between social structure, constitutional development, and military necessity Clear and well-written, Lockhart's text is essential reading for all those with an interest in the fascinating history of early modern Sweden.
Call Number: 948.5034 L811sISBN: 0333731565Publication Date: 2004-02-13
Biographies
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Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon (Journal) Includes long signed articles, bibliographies, and many portraits. Vol. 10 includes a chronological index to the first ten volumes.Call Number: 920.0485 SV21918Publication Date: 1918 - Present
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Vem är det? : Svensk biografisk handbok (Journal)Call Number: 920.0485 V54Publication Date: 1912 - 2001
Country Information
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Sweden.seOfficial gateway.
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Sweden AbroadWebsite for Swedish embassies and consulates.
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Svenska InstitutetWebsite of the Swedish Institute with information on the country, people, language, and culture (in Swedish and English).
US Resources
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Swedish American Historical QuarterlyAcademic journal published continuously since 1950 by the Swedish-American Historical Society.
Books at UIUC
Search the Library Catalog for additional titles (e.g. "Denmark -- History").
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A History of Denmark
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In this introductory guide, Knud Jespersen traces the process of disintegration and reduction that helped to form the modern Danish state, and the historical roots of Denmark's international position. Beginning with the Reformation in the sixteenth century, Jespersen explains how the Denmark of today was shaped by wars, territorial losses, domestic upheavals, new methods of production, and changes in thought. Focusing on the interplay between history, politics and economics, this illuminating text offers an insider's view of Danish identity formation over the last centuries. This engaging textbook is an ideal resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses on Danish, Scandinavian or Nordic History. Concise and accessible, it will also appeal to anyone interested in gaining a clear understanding of the development of Denmark.
Call Number: DL148 .J46 2019ISBN: 9781137611796Publication Date: 2018-09-12
Encyclopedias
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Nordisk KonversationsleksikonCall Number: 038 N7582Publication Date: 1960-1969Chiefly short entries, many illustrated with line drawings or photographs. Articles on countries and scientific fields are longer.
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Salmonsens Konversations LeksikonCall Number: 038 SA35Publication Date: 1915-1930Still the standard Danish encyclopedia. Includes bibliographies, maps, city plans, illustrations.
Books at UIUC
Search the Library Catalog for additional titles (e.g. "Norway -- History").
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History of Norway
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A distinguished one-volume history of Norway, from the Vikings through the Resistance of World War II. "Full, objective, and thoroughly readable history, rich in content.... The result is a well-rounded treatment of Norwegian life--political, religious, economic, and intellectual--during the long centuries.... Easily the most important history of Norway in the English language since Gjerset."--N. Y. Times Originally published in 1948. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Call Number: Online ResourceISBN: 0691653518Publication Date: 2016-04-19 -
History of Norway
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Based on exhaustive research, History of Norway is a clear, informative and entertaining description of Norway's history from the earliest cultures of the Stone Age to today's oil and gas economy. Along the way, there are fascinating stories of Vikings, the Sami, kings and queens, farmers and fishermen, merchants and miners, the Black Death, the Hanseatic merchants, the Reformation, independence, emigration from Norway to America, polar explorers, the Nazi invasion and the Norwegian resistance in World War II, and much more
Call Number: DL448 .Y55 2015ISBN: 9781681110240Publication Date: 2015-03-01
Country Information
Biographies
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Norsk biografisk leksikon Substantial, signed articles on ca. 5,000 prominent Norwegians from the earliest times to the mid-twentieth century. Includes bibliographiesCall Number: 920.0481 N81Publication Date: 1921-1983
Encyclopedias
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Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store Norske LeksikonCall Number: 038.82 AS23Publication Date: 1978Well-illustrated modern Norwegian encyclopedia.
Books at UIUC
Search the Library Catalog for additional titles (e.g. "Finland -- History").
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A Concise History of Finland
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Few countries in Europe have undergone such rapid social, political and economic changes as Finland has during the last fifty years. David Kirby here sets out the fascinating history of this northern country, for centuries on the east-west divide of Europe, a country not blessed by nature, most of whose inhabitants still earned a living from farming fifty years ago, but which today is one of the most prosperous members of the European Union. He shows how this small country was able not only to survive in peace and war but also to preserve and develop its own highly distinctive identity, neither Scandinavian nor Eastern European. He traces the evolution of the idea of a Finnish national state, from the long centuries as part of the Swedish realm, through self-government within the Russian Empire, and into the stormy and tragic birth of the independent state in the twentieth century.
Call Number: 948.7 K361cISBN: 052183225XPublication Date: 2006-07-13 -
A Short History of Finland
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This is a second edition of the most successful study of Finland in the English language. It presents the reader - whether tourist, student, specialist, or business person - with a readable and authoritative introduction to the Finns and the present position of their country in the modern world. A Short History of Finland traces the historical development of the country from its settlement by the Finns in the first millennium AD to the present time, exploring Finland's earlier connection with Sweden, the complex relationship with Russia which has dominated Finnish history in the last two centuries, and the post-war achievements of the second republic. This second edition has been revised and updated by Emeritus Professor A. F. Upton, a leading scholar of Scandinavian history, and discusses the impact of the break-up of the Soviet Union and brings events up to Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
Call Number: 948.97 Si64s1998ISBN: 0521640695Publication Date: 1998-10-01 -
A History of Finland
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Henrik Meinander reignites interest in Finland with this brisk and bold portrait, recounting the country's early beginnings as a member of the Swedish kingdom to its later years as an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian empire. It concludes with Finland's gradual transformation into a conscious nation and its current flourishing as an independent, modernized state. Meinander concentrates on the Baltic region, connecting his history to major turning points in Europe's social, political, and structural development. He blends politics, economy, and culture to illuminate how other countries have utilized Finland's natural resources and have coopted its cultural heritage and technological innovations. Meinander devotes a large section of his work to the country's contemporary history, reasserting Finland's role in recent Baltic and European history and the impact of these events on the country's future development.
Call Number: 948.97 M477hISBN: 9780231701921Publication Date: 2011-07-05
Country Information
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Finland.fiOfficial gateway.
Books at UIUC
Search the Library Catalog for additional titles (e.g., "Iceland -- History").
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Iceland's 1100 Years
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This volume recounts the history of a society on the margin of Europe as well as on the margin of reaching the size and wealth of a proper state - Iceland.
Call Number: 949.12 G956iISBN: 1850654204Publication Date: 2000-01-01 -
Viking Age Iceland
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Medieval Iceland was unique amongst Western Europe, with no foreign policy, no defence forces, no king, no lords, no peasants and few battles. It should have been a utopia yet its literature is dominated by brutality and killing. The reasons for this, argues Jesse Byock, lie in the underlying structures and cultural codes of the islands' social order. 'Viking Age Iceland' is an engaging, multi-disciplinary work bringing together findings in anthropology and ethnography interwoven with historical fact and masterful insights into the popular Icelandic sagas, this is a brilliant reconstruction of the inner workings of a unique and intriguing society.
Call Number: 949.1201 B995vISBN: 0140291156Publication Date: 2001-09-01
Country Information
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Government.isOfficial gateway.
Viking History
Books at UIUC
This list represents a small selection of books related to the Vikings held at UIUC. Please hover over the information icon for book descriptions. You can find additional titles by visiting the library catalog!
Possible search terms:
- Vikings
- Vikings -- History
- Vikings -- Social life and customs
- Civilization, Viking
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The Vikings by A comprehensive and thrilling history of the Vikings for fans of the History Channel series From Harald Bluetooth to Cnut the Great, the feared seamen and plunderers of the Viking Age ruled Norway, Sweden, and Denmark but roamed as far as Byzantium, Greenland, and America. Raiders and traders, settlers and craftsmen, the medieval Scandinavians who have become familiar to history as Vikings never lose their capacity to fascinate, from their ingeniously designed longboats to their stormy pantheon of Viking gods and goddesses, ruled by Odin in Valhalla. Robert Ferguson is a sure guide across what he calls "the treacherous marches which divide legend from fact in Viking Age history." His long familiarity with the literary culture of Scandinavia with its skaldic poetry is combined with the latest archaeological discoveries to reveal a sweeping picture of the Norsemen, one of history's most amazing civilizations. Impeccably researched and filled with compelling accounts and analyses of legendary Viking warriors and Norse mythology, The Vikings is an indispensable guide to medieval Scandinavia and is a wonderful companion to the History Channel series.
Call Number: DL65 .F467 2009ISBN: 9780670020799Publication Date: 2009-11-25 -
The Vikings by The Arena Chapel is a small plain brick building in Padua whose interior is entirely covered with frescoes by Giotto, painted shortly after 1300 and still miraculously intact. Thirty-six large panels tell the stories of Joachim and Anna (the Virgin's parents), the Virgin Mary, and the life of Jesus from birth to resurrection; and on the entrance wall opposite the altar is a Last Judgment. These frescoes have always been seen as the starting point of Renaissance art, and are among its most famous masterpieces. In 1961-64 the paintings and their setting were cleaned and restored, but they are still threatened by dust from the surrounding streets, damp, movement of the building's structure, and chemical pollutants. As part of a continuing conservation campaign, between 1988 and 1991 they were thoroughly examined and recorded in minute detail. The results of this recording are now made available for the first time in their entirety. All the paintings are shown complete and in a series of details, many of them actual size, in which expressions and brush strokes speak out vividly across seven hundred years. The reproductions are printed in color to the highest standard. Accompanying texts provide the art-historical background, explain the narratives, and describe the frescoes' survival through the centuries. Giotto: The Arena Chapel Frescoes captures as never before the artist's supreme achievement in all its epoch-making power - his magisterial representation of weight and volume, his genius for storytelling, his compassion and his irresistible sense of drama. This is the definitive record of one of Western art's greatest treasures.
Call Number: Oak Street LibraryISBN: 0500275424Publication Date: 1989-06-01 -
The Vikings by Feared pirates, intrepid navigators, skilled craftsmen- these are the bold Vikings who erupted into history at the end of the eighth century and forged the destiny of nations. "The Vikings reveals the lives of ordinary people living in these extraordinary times-- the beautiful jewelry they crafted, and charming toys for their children; the early pagan sacrifices, including human sacrifice; the mysterious runes, the written language of the Vikings; and of course the remarkable ships in which they invaded so many lands. Interwoven throughout the book are tales of famous Norse adventurers and excerpts from the Icelandic sagas, stories of gods and myths that are still enchanting today. The photographs depict the beauty of jewelry and artifacts created in gold, silver, bronze, and stone; a fascinating reconstruction of a Viking Age house; the "horn of plenty" in which the most precious valuables of the dead are buried with the body; an ice-skate made from a leather shoe and a sharpened bone; and Icelandic farmhouses with roofs of turf, resembling the nearby hills. With the talent of a storyteller, the author weaves the true tale of the Viking race in a style that is accessible to students, intriguing to adult readers, and provides an ideal introduction to this Nordic culture.
Call Number: 948.022 W858vISBN: 0847821064Publication Date: 1998-03-15 -
Exploring the World of the Vikings by This authoritative new survey of Viking history and culture tells the complete story of the Vikings from their origins in Scandinavia during the first millennium AD, through the incredible period of raiding, trading and settling known as the Viking Age, to their last surviving settlements in 15th century Greenland.
Call Number: 948.022 H146wISBN: 0500051445Publication Date: 2007-03-01 -
Primary Sources
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The Viking Age by Drawing on a wide range of original primary sources, and tracing the astonishing development of the Viking age from the first foreign raids to the rise and fall of Viking empires, this comprehensive reader is essential to an understanding of Viking history. The diversity of the Viking world is mirrored by the range and variety of the primary documents chosen for inclusion. Chroniclers record European horror in the face of the Viking onslaught. An Arab diplomat gives a gripping account of an encounter with Norsemen in Russia. Great warriors and kings of the period are heralded in Skaldic poetry. With unusual power, saga literature narrates the lives of Norse women and men at home and abroad. The reader includes new translations of all of the Norse material. Brief introductions contextualize the translations and all unfamiliar terms are explained in the body of the text, making this an extremely readable and user-friendly introduction to the Viking age.
Call Number: 948.022 V6932ISBN: 9781442601475Publication Date: 2010-04-15 -
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Medieval and Early Modern Sources Online This link opens in a new windowA collection of digitized editions of texts concerning the study of Britain and its place in the world during the medieval and early modern period (c. 1100-1800). Covers economic, political, legal, and ecclesiastical history, such as treasury accounts, chronicles, papal registers, etc. Most are from England, Ireland, and Scotland, although some are from Milan and the New World. Includes both printed sources and digitized versions of original manuscripts.
Vikings in Contemporary Culture
This list contains a sampling of books, articles, and online resources related to contemporary use and appropriation of Viking culture. Please hover over the information icon for book descriptions.
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The Devil's Historians by "The Middle Ages are all around us, not just in history class, but in the world's most popular video games, in reenactments, at renaissance faires, and on HBO's Game of Thrones. But not all uses of the past are for innocent entertainment: Ku Klux Klan members still call themselves "knights" and "wizards"; neo-Nazis wear Viking symbols next to their swastikas; and white supremacist terrorists try to brand themselves as heroic "crusaders." This is not incidental. In fact, myths about the medieval world have been used for centuries to justify some of the most toxic ideologies and the worst human rights abuses in history. In this book, Amy S. Kaufman and Paul B. Sturtevant examine the long, dark history of "The Devil's Historians"--people who manipulate and use myths about the medieval past to promote discrimination, oppression, and murder. Tracing the fetish for "medieval times" behind toxic ideologies like nationalism, antisemitism, Islamophobia, misogyny, and white supremacy from European imperialists right up to the present-day "alt-right," Kaufman and Sturtevant show us that the Middle Ages have been twisted for political purposes ever since they came to a close. The Devil's Historians also casts aside the myths of an oppressive, patriarchal medieval monoculture and reveals a medieval world you may not have learned in school: one that is diverse, thriving, courageous, and compelling, and far more complex than those who want to bring us back to the Middle Ages would have you believe."-- Provided by publisher.
ISBN: 9781487587857Publication Date: 2020 -
American Heathens by American Heathens is the first in-depth ethnographic study about the largely misunderstood practice of American Heathenry (Germanic Paganism). Jennifer Snook--who has been Pagan since her early teens and a Heathen since eighteen--traces the development and trajectory of Heathenry as a new religious movement in America, one in which all identities are political and all politics matter. Snook explores the complexities of pagan reconstruction and racial, ethnic and gender identity in today's divisive political climate. She considers the impact of social media on Heathen collectivities, and offers a glimpse of the world of Heathen meanings, rituals, and philosophy. In American Heathens, Snook presents the stories and perspectives of modern practitioners in engaging detail. She treats Heathens as members of a religious movement, rather than simply a subculture reenacting myths and stories of enchantment. Her book shrewdly addresses how people construct ethnicity in a reconstructionist (historically-minded) faith system with no central authority.
ISBN: 9781439910986Publication Date: 2015-06-12 -
Scandinavians in Chicago by Scandinavian immigrants encountered a strange paradox in 1890s Chicago. Though undoubtedly foreign, these newcomers were seen as Nordics--the "race" proclaimed by the scientific racism of the era as the very embodiment of white superiority. As such, Scandinavians from the beginning enjoyed racial privilege and the success it brought without the prejudice, nativism, and stereotyping endured by other immigrant groups. Erika K. Jackson examines how native-born Chicagoans used ideological and gendered concepts of Nordic whiteness and Scandinavian ethnicity to construct social hegemony. Placing the Scandinavian-American experience within the context of historical whiteness, Jackson delves into the processes that created the Nordic ideal. She also details how the city's Scandinavian immigrants repeated and mirrored the racial and ethnic perceptions disseminated by American media. An insightful look at the immigrant experience in reverse, Scandinavians in Chicago bridges a gap in our understanding of how whites constructed racial identity in America.
ISBN: 9780252042119Publication Date: 2018-12-30 -
Medievalism and Metal Music Studies by Metal music has long nurtured an obsession with visions of the Middle Ages, with countless album covers and lyric sheets populated by Vikings, knights, wizards, and castles. Medievalism and Metal Music Studies: Throwing down the Gauntlet addresses this fascination with all things medieval, exploring how metal musicians and fans find inspiration both in authentically medieval materials and neomedievalist depictions of the period in literature, cinema, and other media. Within metal music, the medieval takes on multiple, and even contradictory meanings, becoming at once a cipher of difference and grotesque alterity while simultaneously being imagined as a simpler, more authentic time, as opposed to the complexities and stresses of modernity. In this fashion, the medieval period becomes both a source for artistic creativity and a vector for countercultural social and political critique. The contributors in this book hail from a wide range of fields including medieval history, music performance, musicology, media studies, and literature, and computer linguistics, bringing a variety of critical perspectives to bear on the topic. Engaging in analyses of cover art, liner notes, lyrics, and musical style, the contributors investigate issues of research methodologies, crucial concerns over identity and nationalism, and the recontextualisation of historical materials, all aimed at critically examining how and why medievalism has permeated heavy metal music and culture. Hearken to our tales!
ISBN: 9781787563964Publication Date: 2019-09-0
Online Resources
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NOVA Online: The VikingsAccompanying website to the 2000 NOVA special program "The Vikings." Includes articles, a video, and an interactive map.
You can find films (either streaming or DVDs) by using the search filters on the left side of the screen in the Library Catalog (after your search) or by using the "Material Type" drop-down menu in the Advanced Search function. The Library also provides additional guidance on finding videos:
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Vikings (Season 1) by
Call Number: DVD PN1992.77 .V55 2013ISBN: 9786315148064Publication Date: 2013Other seasons also available through the Undergraduate Library Media Collection. -
Primary History: Vicious Vikings by At Headley Park School, Bristol, teachers use inventive ways to engage children's thinking about the Vikings. In Viking Comic Strip teacher Tim Browse asks children to imagine they are different characters during a Viking raid. They act out their role (monks, Vikings) using freeze frame images depicting the point in the story. They then create a comic strip from their drama using thought bubbles and photographs. This activity combines an experiential element with speaking, listening and thinking skills.In Archaeological Dig, teacher Alexa Vickery asks the children to dig up Viking objects out of sand, identify and draw them, deciding if the object is really Viking from their learnt knowledge of Viking life. Norse or not Norse is a fun game in which children have to write a true and a false explanation of an object and present it to the class. It asks the children to draw on skills of writing and persuasion, to build convincing argument. In Artefact Pursuit children play a board game which encourages them to ask searching questions about objects from the past. They must also start to generate their own research questions and get research underway using books and the internet. In Shades of Grey children look at how historical figures shouldn't be seen in terms of good and bad but in terms of the varied contributions they made to society at the time. The object is for children to also understand that perspectives of characters can change with time. In Luckiest Historian, Year 5 children build an understanding of the qualities of primary and secondary sources. The teacher uses cards to represent many kinds of historical sources and asks the children to put them in order of usefulness in terms of their reliability and their richness as a historical source. By ordering the sources they start to think about the value of different sources when doing particular historical research.Call Number: Online ResourcePublication Date: 2010
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Viking Longboat Travel to Anacortes, Washington, a stronghold of Scandinavian-American heritage, where a team of experts brings a magnificent piece of history to life as they build an exact replica of a 1,100-year-old Viking longboat.Call Number: Online ResourcePublication Date: 2004
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