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History 200F: U.S. Expansion to 1898

Introduces history majors to basic research library concepts (you should master before History 498). Provides both a broad overview of the source types collected by research libraries, and also lists specific sources relevant to research for this course.

Library Catalogs

What is a Library Catalog?

When researching in a library, especially a research library, its catalog is probably the most important tool you will use, and one with which you should familiarize yourself as quickly as possible. Even if you think you have never used the Library Catalog here, you probably have and just do not realize it, since "Easy Search", the Library's federated search engine, sends all queries to the Library Catalog along with several other online research tools.

A library catalog is a database of records that identify and describe resources owned by the library. Most of these records describe published resources like books. Use the catalog to find both print sources and digitized sources in the Library's collections.

Many research libraries today will dress their catalogs up with fancy interfaces, making the catalogs appear to have far greater functionality than they actually do. You will be a much better user of library catalogs if you understand the purpose and functions of library catalogs, which are in fact very basic:

  1. The catalog should be an efficient instrument for ascertaining:
    • Whether the library owns a particular work specified by its title;
    • Whether the library owns a particular work specified by its author;
    • Which works by a particular author are in the library;
    • Which editions of a particular work are in the library.1
  2. The catalog should collocate records for works on a common subject under a single, standardized heading.

Digitization of library catalogs has made it possible to perform keyword searches on the records in the catalog. Aside from this innovation, and a few other conveniences, the library catalogs of today are essentially identical (in function) to library catalogs created a hundred years ago.

If you can't find your book in our Library Catalog, you should next check to see if it's available from an I-Share Library. To search all I-Share Libraries, switch to "Advanced Search" in our library's catalog, and select the "All I-Share Libraries" radio button.

After you have explored the books available to you here at the University of Illinois, and also at other I-Share libraries, you will want to expand your search using WorldCat:

If you find a book in WorldCat that you would like to use for your research, you can request it through Interlibrary Loan:

Subject Headings in the Library Catalog

Subject headings are used to collocate records for works on a common subject under a single, standardized heading.

The subject headings used in the Library Catalog are standardized Library of Congress terms, which may be “subdivided” (made more specific) by geographic area, chronological period, genre, or sub-topic. The language of subject headings is not at all intuitive or natural, so you shouldn’t hesitate to ask a librarian for help in finding the correct subject headings.

A good way to identify subject headings for a topic is to do a keyword search in the Library Catalog using terms you think describe the topic, in order to identify a few relevant books. Look at the full record for those books to see what subject headings were used, then do another search on those headings.

As a rule of thumb, use fairly broad headings, as well as the specific ones that describe your topic, in order to make sure you haven't inadvertently eliminated relevant material that is contained within works of larger scope. Most likely you will find multiple headings to describe your topic, and you should use all of them. You can narrow your search in the online catalog by combining subject headings (as a phrase) with keywords, using the “Advanced Search” option.

Some Example Subject Headings

  • Americanization -- History -- 19th century.
  • Anti-imperialist movements -- United States.
  • Civilization -- American influences.
  • Civilization, modern -- American influences.
  • Colonization.
  • Globalization.
  • Hegemony -- History.
  • Illinois -- Colonization -- History.
  • Imperialism.
  • Imperialism -- History -- 19th century.
  • Indians of North America -- Government relations.
  • Indians of North America -- Treaties.
  • Indians of North America -- Land tenure.
  • Indians of North America -- Land transfers.
  • Indians of North America -- Wars -- 1862-1865.
  • Indians of North America -- Wars -- 1866-1895.
  • Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826.
  • Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 --Archives.
  • Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 --Books and reading.
  • Latin America -- Civilization -- American influences.
  • Nationalism.
  • Northwest boundary of the United States.
  • Philippines -- Colonization -- History.
  • Polk, James K. (James Knox), 1795-1849 --Correspondance.
  • Polk, James K. (James Knox), 1795-1849 --Relations with slaves.
  • Popular culture -- American influences.
  • Presidents --United States.
  • Presidents --United States --Biography --Sources.
  • Presidents --United States --Death --Sermons.
  • Presidents --United States --History.
  • Presidents --United States --History --19th century.
  • Presidents --United States --Racial attitudes.
  • Presidents --United States --Staff.
  • Slavery -- United States -- Extension to the territories.
  • Spanish-American War, 1898.
  • Texas -- Annexation to United States.
  • United States -- Foreign relations -- Philippines.
  • United States -- Foreign relations -- Philosophy.
  • United States -- Relations -- Latin America.
  • United States -- Territorial expansion.
  • United States -- Territories and possessions.

Digitized Book Collections

In addition to the 14 million+ printed books available to you here in the Library, we also have a rapidly growing collection of digitized books.

Notes

1. International Federation of Library Associations, Statement of Principles: Adopted at the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, October 1961, ed. Eva Verona, Definitive ed. (London: International Federation of Library Associations Committee on Cataloguing, 1971), xiii.