Reference sources include encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, and directories. These are great starting points for background information about a specific topic.
This Library of Congress collection provides diversity information of all types, e.g., education, race, ethnicity, language, religion, etc., for individual countries outside the United States.
From the CIA. Includes information on countries of the world. This site focuses on current statistical data with emphasis on economy, government, transportation, geography, and social environment. Also included are appendices and general reference maps.